Definitions — Plato
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ΟΡΟΙ
Translation/edition: George Burges
Language: English
Read in Plato Scroll: https://plato-scroll.com/s/defns/
This file: https://plato-scroll.com/text/defns.txt
Other editions of this work:
  - Spanish: https://plato-scroll.com/text/definition-h.txt
  - Greek text: https://plato-scroll.com/text/defns-e.txt
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Numbers in [brackets] are the edition's reference loci (Stephanus, Bekker, book.line, page...). Superscript numerals refer to the Notes at the end.

[411a1] Eternal — that which has existed formerly through all time, and is now not destroyed.
[411a3] God — an immortal living-being, sufficient in itself for happiness; an eternal existence; the cause of the nature of the good.
[411a5] Generation — a movement towards existence; a sharing through a change in existence; a progression towards existence.
[411a7] The sun — a fire in heaven, which can alone be seen from morning to evening by the same; the greatest star, visible by day; a perpetually living being, possessing a soul. Time — a movement of the sun; a measure of progress.
[411b4] Day — a journeying of the sun from its rising (east) to its setting (west); a light, the opposite to Night.
[411b6] Morning — the beginning of day; the first light from the sun.
[411b7] Mid-day — the time when the shadows of substances have the least length.
[411b9] Evening — the close of day.
[411b10] Night — darkness, the opposite to Day; a deprivation of the sun.
[411b11] Chance — a proceeding from uncertainty to uncertainty, and from what is spontaneous; the cause of a fortuitous action.
[411c1] Old Age — the wasting away of a thing with life, the result of time.
[411c2] Wind — a movement in the air around the earth.
[411c3] Air — an element, all of whose movements according to spabe are according to nature.
[411c5] Heaven — a substance, surrounding all things perceived by the senses, except the uppermost air.
[411c7] Soul — that which moves itself; the cause of vital motion in living beings.
[411c8] Power — that, which is able by itself to produce an effect.
[411c9] Vision — the (bodily) habit of distinguishing substances.
[411c10] Bone — marrow, consolidated by heat.
[411c11] Element — that, which combines and separates (particles) brought together.
[411d1] Virtue — a (mental) constitution of the best kind; a habit of a mortal living being; the object of praise on account of itself; a habit, according to which that, which possesses it, is said to be good; a just communion of laws; a disposition, according to which that, which is constituted perfectly, is called steady; a habit, effective of a good state of law.
[411d5] Discretion — a power effective by itself of the good fortune of man; a knowledge of things good and evil; a knowledge effective of felicity; a (mental) constitution, by which we determine what is to be done and what is not to be done.
[411d8] Justice — an agreement of the soul with itself, and a correct arrangement of the parts of the soul towards each other and about each other; a habit, distributive to each person of that, which is according to worthiness; a habit, according to which he, who possesses it, can select what seems to him to be just; a habit in life, subservient to law; an equality that can share in common; a habit ministering to upright laws.
[411e6] Temperance — a moderation of soul relating to the desires and pleasures, which exist in it according to nature; a fitness in, and correct ordering of, the soul, as regards its natural pleasures and pains; a harmony in the soul touching the states of ruling and being ruled; a self-acting according to nature; ί [a well-ordering of the soul;] an intercourse of the soul, founded on reason, relating to things honourable and base; a habit according to which he, who has it, can select and be cautious of what he ought.
[412a3] Fortitude — a habit of the soul, not to be moved by fear; a boldness in war; a knowledge of the things relating to war; a command over the soul relating to things of fear and dread; a boldness subservient to discretion; a bold bearing under the expectation of death; a habit, preservative of right reasoning in dangers; a strength (of mind) balancing (the apprehension) of danger;”a strength, bearing up on the side of virtue; a tranquillity of soul with reference to things that appear, according to correct reasoning, to be full of dread and daring; the safe preservation of uncertain determinations relating to things of dread; a skill in war; a habit, that can abide in law.
[412b3] Continence — a power enduring pain; a following of correct reasoning; a power not exceeded by that which is perceived by correct reasoning.
[412b6] Self-sufficiency — a completion in the possession of good things; a habit, according to which they, who possess it, are the masters of themselves.
[412b8] Reasonableness — a reduction in what is just and useful; a moderation in compacts; a well-ordering of the soul, founded on reason, as regards things honourable and base.
[412c1] Endurance — the bearing-up against pain, for the sake of what is honourable; a bearing-up under labour for the sake of what is honourable.
[412c3] Boldness — the non-expectation of an ill; an imperturbability in the presence of an ill.
[412c5] Non-perception of pain — a habit, according to which we do not fall into sorrows.
[412c6] The love of labour — a habit, that accomplishes what a person chooses (to do); a voluntary endurance; a habit not to be cavilled at on the subject of labour.
[412c8] Modesty — a voluntary shrinking from daring on just grounds towards what seems to be the best; a voluntary laying hold of the best; a cautious care of blame on just grounds.
[412d1] Freedom — the ruling power of life; a power ruling by itself on every occasion; a power over that, which relates to oneself in life; an unsparingness in the use and possession of property.
[412d4] Liberality — a habit in transacting money matters in a way that is fitting; the adding to, and possession of, property, as is meet.
[412d6] Mildness — the settling down of an excitement arising from passion; a moderated temperament of soul.
[412d8] Decorum — a voluntary yielding to what appears the best; a well-ordering respecting the movement of the body.
[412d10] Felicity — a good composed of all good things; a power self-sufficient towards living well; a consummation as regards virtue; an utility self-sufficient for a living being.
[412e2] Magnificence — the estimation according to correct reason of that which is the most worthy of respect.
[412e4] Sagacity — a natural ability in the soul, according to which he, who possesses it, makes a conjecture in the quickest (time) relating to what needful; an acuteness of intellect.
[412e6] Honesty — a simplicity in moral conduct in union with fair speaking; a steadiness in moral conduct.
[412e8] Kalokagathia — a habit of selecting things that are the best.
[412e9] High-mindedness — a gentlemanly use of accidental circumstances; a majesty of soul in union with reason.
[412e11] Philanthropy — a habit of moral conduct that easily leads to a friendship with man; a habit of acting kindly towards men; the having thanks; a’recollection with kind conduct.
[412e14] Piety — -justice relating to the gods; a power paying attention to the gods willingly; a correct perception of the honour due to the gods; a knowledge of the honour due to the gods.
[413a3] Good — that on account of itself.
[413a4] Fearlessness — a habit, according to which we do not fall into fear.
[413a5] Apathy — a habit, according to which we do not fall into sufferings.
[413a6] Peace — a quietness as regards enmity in war.
[413a7] Listlessness — an easiness of soul; apathy respecting the objects of anger.
[413a8] Skilfulness — a habit, according to which he, who possesses it, is able to form a conjecture about the peculiar termination (of a thing).
[413a10] Friendship — a union of sentiment, relating to things honourable and just; the choice of the same kind of life; a union in opinion on questions of sect and practice; a union in sentiment relating to a communion in life in combination with kind feelings; a communion in doing well and in suffering.
[413b3] Nobility of birth — the virtue of a noble moral conduct; an easy leading of the soul to words and deeds.
[413b5] Selection — a correct approval after examination.
[413b6] Kind feeling — the selection of a person for the purpose of embracing by a person.
[413b7] Familiarity — a sharing in the same family.
[413b8] Agreement — a sharing in all things existing; a concordance in thoughts and conceptions.
[413b10] Lovingness — a perfect exhibition.
[413b11] Statesmanship — the knowledge of what is honourable and advantageous (for a state); a knowledge productive of justice in a state.
[413c1] Sociality — a friendship arising from an association amongst persons of the same age.
[413c3] Good counsel — the cognate virtue of reasoning.
[413c4] Belief — the correct conception of a thing being really as it seems to be; a firmness in moral conduct.
[413c6] Truth — a habit in affirming and denying; a knowledge of things true.
[413c8] A wishing — a desire with right reason; a reasonable longing; a longing with reason, according to nature.
[413c10] Counselling — an exhortation to another person, previous to acting, as to what manner it is meet to act.
[413c12] Fit opportunity — the meeting with the time in which it is requisite to suffer or do something.
[413d1] Caution — a guard against ill; the care of guarding (oneself).
[413d2] Order — the working out a similarity in all things existing with a relation to each other; a symmetry of communion; the cause of all things existing with a relation to each other; a symmetry towards learning.
[413d5] Application — a bracing up of the soul for learning.
[413d6] Natural ability — a quickness in learning; a good production of nature; an excellence from nature.
[413d8] Docility — a natural ability in the soul towards a quickness in learning.
[413d9] Judgment — a peremptory decision respecting a disputed matter.
[413d10] Law — the (process of a) contest respecting the having done an injury or not.
[413e1] Good legal conduct — an obedience shown to proper laws.
[413e2] Cheerfulness — a delight at the acts of a temperate person.
[413e3] Honour — a gift of good things presented on actions done through virtue; a mark of esteem in return for virtue; the outward bearing of what is an object of reverence; the watching of a mark of esteem.
[413e5] Alacrity — the exhibition of a practical preference.
[413e6] Favour — a voluntary act of ldndness; the return for a good act; a ministering at a fit time.
[413e8] Concord — a similarity of opinion between rulers and ruled, how they ought to rule and be ruled.
[413e10] A polity — the community of a multitude of persons, self-sufficient for a happy state; the community of a multitude according to law.
[414a1] Forethought — a preparation with respect to things about to be.
[414a2] Counsel — a consideration respecting future things how they may be advantageous.
[414a3] Victory — a power having the superiority, as regards contention.
[414a4] A ready-way-finding — a ready discrimination, that pos- ‘ sesses a power over what is thought upon.
[414a5] Bribe — the exchange for a favour.
[414a6] Opportunity — the point of time suited to what is advantageous; a time that works for some good.
[414a8] Memory — a disposition of the soul preservative of the truth that is in it.
[414a10] The keeping in mind — the having thought on the stretch.
[414a11] Thinking — the commencement of knowledge.
[414a12] Holiness — a religious dread of sins against the gods; an attention to the honour due naturally to a deity.
[414b2] A prophecy — a knowledge, that points out beforehand an action, without a demonstrative proof.
[414b3] The prophetic art — a science, that speculates upon what is now and will be to a mortal being.
[414b5] Wisdom — a science not-hypothetical; a knowledge of things as they happen to exist; a science that speculates upon the cause of things existing.
[414b7] Philosophy — a longing after the knowledge of things as they happen to exist; a habit of speculating upon the truth as to how it is true; a careful study in combination with correct reasoning.
[414b10] Knowledge — a comprehension by the soul, not to be changed or cast down by reasoning; [the power of comprehending a thing or things, not to be changed or thrown down by reasoning;] a true reasoning not to be changed or cast down upon reflection. .
[414c3] Opinion — a conception to be changed by the persuasion of reason; a rational impetus; a notion falling upon false- “ hood and truth by (not-)reason.
[414c5] Sensation — an impetus of the soul; a movement of mind; a heralding of the soul through the body to the seasons of man; from which there results a power of the soul devoid of reason, having a cognizance through the body.
[414c8] Habit — a disposition of the soul, according to which we are said to be with certain qualities.
[414d1] Voice — a flowing through the mouth from a thought.
[414d2] Speech — voice expressed by letters descriptive of each of things existing; a form of language, compounded of nouns and verbs, without melody.
[414d4] Noun — a form of language uncompounded, the interpreter of that which is predicated against being, and of every thing which is not spoken of against itself.
[414d7] Language — the voice of a man, expressed by letters, and some common symbol, acting as an interpreter, without melody.
[414d9] Syllable — an articulation of the human voice, expressed by letters.
[414d10] Definition — a. sentence composed of difference and genus.
[414e1] Proof — the showing forth of a thing not evident.
[414e2] Demonstration — ·true reasoning ‘founded on syllogisms; a reasoning, that makes a matter plain by what is previously known.
[414e4] Element (of voice) — a vocal sound uncompounded; the cause to the rest of vocal sounds of their being vocal sounds.
[414e6] Useful — the cause of doing well; the cause of good.
[414e7] Advantageous — that which conduces to good.
[414e8] Honourable — that which is good.
[414e9] Good — the cause of safety to things existing; the cause of all that relates to itself; from which it happens to choose’ what is meet.
[414e11] Temperate — the orderly conduct of the soul.
[414e12] Just — an ordonnance of law, productive of justice.
[415a1] Voluntary — that which is drawn on by itself; that which is selected with reference to itself, (and) completed according to design.
[415a3] Free — that which rules itself.
[415a4] Moderate — a mean between excess and deficiency; and sufficient according to art.
[415a6] Moderation — a mean between excess and deficiency.
[415a7] Prize — the reward of excellence, that is chosen for its own sake.
[415a8] Immortality — an existence endowed with soul and a remaining for ever.
[415a9] A holy thing — service paid to a god, acceptable to a god.
[415a10] Festival — a holy time according to law.
[415a11] Man — an animal, wingless, biped, with wide nails; the only one of beings that is a recipient of knowledge founded on reason.
[415b1] Sacrifice — the gift of a victim to a god.
[415b2] Prayer — an asking for good things, or that seem so, by man from gods.
[415b3] King — a ruler according to laws; not subject to the auditing of his accounts; the chief magistrate in a political constitution.
[415b5] Government — the care of the whole.
[415b6] Licence — a superintendence of law.
[415b7] Law-giver — a maker of laws according to which it is meet for a polity to exist.
[415b8] Law — a decree, relating to the state, made by the multitude, not limited to any time.
[415b10] Hypothesis — a principle not demonstrated; the summary of a discourse.
[415b11] A vote — a decree of the state limited to a certain time.
[415c1] Statesman — a person skilled in the constitution of a state.
[415c2] A state — the residence of a multitude of persons making use of decrees in common; a multitude of persons existing under the same law.
[415c4] The excellence of a state — a constitution of a correct polity.
[415c5] The science of war — skill in war.
[415c6] Alliance — a communion in war.
[415c7] Safety — a protection from injury.
[415c8] Tyrant — Vi person ruling a state according to his own notion.
[415c9] Sophist — a mercenary hunter after the young, rich, (and) in high repute.
[415d1] Wealth — a possession suited for happiness; an abundance of means tending to happiness.
[415d3] Deposit — a thing given with faith.
[415d4] Purgation — a separation of the worse from the better.
[415d5] To conquer — to possess the power, when having a difference.
[415d6] A good man — such a one as is able to effect good for a person.
[415d8] A temperate man — one who has moderate desires.
[415d9] A continent man — one who has a power over the portions of the soul contending against right reason.
[415d11] A steady man — one who is perfectly good; one who preserves his virtue.
[415e1] Conscience — a reflection with pain without reason.
[415e2] Indocility — a slowness in learning.
[415e3] Lordship — a just government, not subject to the auditing of accounts.
[415e4] Dislike of wisdom — a habit, according to which he, who has it, dislikes reasoning.
[415e5] Fear — a consternation of the soul on the expectation of ill.
[415e6] Passion — a violent impetus without reason; mind of regulation of soul without reason.
[415e8] Consternation — a fear on the expectation of ill.
[415e9] Flattery — a conversation to gratify ‘without the best;’ a habit of conversing to gratify, exceeding moderation.
[415e11] Anger — an exhortation by passion to revenge.
[415e12] Insult — an injury leading to dishonour.
[416a1] Intemperance — a habit forcing a person, contrary to right reason, towards what seem to be pleasant.
[416a3] Hesitation — a flight from the commencement of labours.
Cowardice — that which lays hold of (and detains) a rushing on; the cause of a (mental) contraction.
[416a4] (A beginning) — the first cause of existence.
[416a5] Calumny — the setting friends apart by a word.
[416a6] Opportunity — that in which it is fitting to do and suffer each thing.
[416a7] Injustice — a habit disregardful of laws.
[416a8] Want — a diminution of good things.
[416a9] Shame — a fear on the expectation of dishonour.
[416a10] Vain-gloriousness — a habit of laying claim to a good or good things, not belonging to a person.
[416a12] Sinning — acting contrary to right reason.
[416a13] Envy — a pain at the good things of friends, which either are or have been.
[416a14] Shamelessness — a habit of the soul, that endures dishonour for the sake of gain.
[416a16] Rashness — the excess of boldness in the case of dangers, which it ought not.
[416a17] A love of honour — a habit of the soul, lavish of every expense without consideration.
[416a19] Natural depravity — a badness by nature, and a sinning in that, which is according to nature; a disease of that, which is according to nature.
[416a21] Hope — the expectation of a good.
[416a22] Madness — a habit destructive of a correct perception.
[416a23] Talkativeness — intemperance in speech, devoid of reason.
[416a24] Contrariety — the greatest standing apart of things, that according to a certain difference fall under the same genus.
[416a26] Involuntary — that which is brought to an end contrary to intention.
[416a27] Instruction — a power that has the cure of the soul.
[416a28] Instructing — the delivering of instruction.
[416a29] Legislation — the science that renders a state firmly fixed (and without suffering.)
[416a30] Admonition — a speech that finds fault from design; a speech for the sake of turning aside from error.
[416a32] Assistance — the hindering an ill either existing or in the way of existing.
[416a33] Punishment — a curing of the soul for an error committed.
[416a34] Power — a superiority in doing or speaking; a habit according to which that, which possesses it, is powerful; a strength according to nature.
[416a36] To preserve — to protect from hurt.
(Science — is a knowledge without stumbling.)