ΑΠΟΛΟΓΙΑ
H.N. Fowler (Loeb, 1914)
Plato · H.N. Fowler (Loeb, 1914)
Also present: Adimantus, Aeantodorus, Aeschines, Antiphon, Apollodorus, Crito, Critoboulus, Epigenes, Lysanias, Nicostratus, Paralus, Plato
Scene: a court in or near the Athenian Agora
The Apology is Socrates's speech in his own defense at his trial in 399 BCE, on charges of impiety and corrupting the youth. Rather than plead for mercy, he explains his mission: the oracle at Delphi had called him the wisest of men, and he found this true only in that he, unlike others, knew that he knew nothing. His relentless questioning of those who claimed wisdom had made him enemies.
Condemned to death, he declares that a good man cannot be harmed, that 'the unexamined life is not worth living', and that he will not cease to philosophize — the founding testament of philosophy as a way of life and the care of the soul.
From the Plato Scroll Encyclopedia · open this entry in the reader
How you, men of Athens, have been affected by my accusers, I do not know; but I, for my part, almost forgot my own identity, so persuasively did they talk; and yet there is hardly a word of truth in what they have said. But I was most amazed by one of the many lies that they told—when they said that you must be on your guard not to be deceived by me, because I was a clever speaker. For I thought it the most shameless part of their conduct that they are not ashamed because they will immediately be convicted by me of falsehood by the evidence of fact, when I show myself to be not in the least a clever speaker, unless indeed they call him a clever speaker who speaks the truth; for if this is what they mean, I would agree that I am an orator—not after their fashion. Now they, as I say, have said little or nothing true; but you shall hear from me nothing but the truth. Not, however, men of Athens, speeches finely tricked out with words and phrases, as theirs are, nor carefully arranged, but you will hear things said at random with the words that happen to occur to me. For I trust that what I say is just; and let none of you expect anything else. For surely it would not be fitting for one of my age to come before you like a youngster making up speeches. And, men of Athens, I urgently beg and beseech you if you hear me making my defence with the same words with which I have been accustomed to speak both in the market place at the bankers tables, where many of you have heard me, and elsewhere, not to be surprised or to make a disturbance on this account. For the fact is that this is the first time I have come before the court, although I am seventy years old; I am therefore an utter foreigner to the manner of speech here.
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The Athenian who turned Socratic conversation into a written philosophy and founded the Academy.
Plato was born around 428 BCE into a wealthy and politically prominent Athenian family; through his mother Perictione the family traced kinship to the lawgiver Solon, and his relatives Critias and Charmides were among the oligarchs of the Thirty. A late tradition says his given name was Aristocles and that 'Plato' — from the word for 'broad' — was a nickname. He grew up during the long agony of the Peloponnesian War and came of age amid the violence and disillusion that followed Athens' defeat.
Plato · H.N. Fowler (Loeb, 1914). Each edition has its page, the reader and a plain-text file: